Fascinating well-researched investigative report by Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher for the New York Times, on the rise of China as a manufacturing power and the corresponding effect on middle class jobs in the U.S., with Apple as the case study. Includes this heretofore unknown (to me, at least) story on the original iPhone’s last-minute change from a plastic to glass display:
In 2007, a little over a month before the iPhone was scheduled to appear in stores, Mr. Jobs beckoned a handful of lieutenants into an office. For weeks, he had been carrying a prototype of the device in his pocket.
Jobs 氏は怒りをあらわにして iPhone がみんなの目に見えるように差し出した。プラスチックスクリーンの表面には無数の小さな引っかきキズが見えた、とその場にいた人間のひとりは語る。それから彼はジーンズのポケットからキーを取り出した。
Mr. Jobs angrily held up his iPhone, angling it so everyone could see the dozens of tiny scratches marring its plastic screen, according to someone who attended the meeting. He then pulled his keys from his jeans.
People will carry this phone in their pocket, he said. People also carry their keys in their pocket. “I won’t sell a product that gets scratched,” he said tensely. The only solution was using unscratchable glass instead. “I want a glass screen, and I want it perfect in six weeks.”
ひとりの幹部がその場を後にした。そして中国深圳へのフライトを予約した。完璧にしろと Jobs 氏がいうのなら、中国に向かうしかないのだ。
After one executive left that meeting, he booked a flight to Shenzhen, China. If Mr. Jobs wanted perfect, there was nowhere else to go.
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一夜にして 3000 人を雇える
NY タイムズは、元幹部および現幹部たち(後者はもちろん匿名希望)から同じような話を引用している。すなわち、中国は単に安価な製造拠点なのではないのだ、何より重要なのはより機敏で、より柔軟、より対応が早いという点なのだと。
The Times has quotes from former and present (unnamed in the latter case, of course) executives who all paint the same picture: that Chinese manufacturing isn’t merely cheaper, but also perhaps even more importantly, nimbler, more flexible, and faster:
「彼らなら一夜にして 3000 人を雇える」と2010 年までアップルの世界サプライマネージャだった Jennifer Rigoni は(仕事の細部については触れなかったが)語った。「米国の工場で一夜にして 3000 人を雇い、従業員を寮に泊めることを納得させられるそんな工場がアメリカのどこにあるだろうか?」
“They could hire 3,000 people overnight,” said Jennifer Rigoni, who was Apple’s worldwide supply demand manager until 2010, but declined to discuss specifics of her work. “What U.S. plant can find 3,000 people overnight and convince them to live in dorms?”
Ever since Foxconn CEO Terry Gou told people that the robots are coming, we think the Foxconn workers will go jobless someday. As Foxconn is going to boost the number of robots doing those repetitive tasks on its assembly line in 3 years time, the Foxconn chairman recently talked about the workforce of the company, saying that the management of one million workers gives him headaches.
It’s pretty sad to hear that. Foxconn is currently the largest private-sector employer in China with over one million employees, but the company is pressured by the stresses of rising labor costs and negative media attention over employee suicides. Being the founder and chairman of the company, Gou needs to solve any problems coming out from the factories in mainland China. As everyone is paying attention on the lives of Foxconn workers, Gou must take care the workers, but at the same time, being able to cope with the huge demand of Apple’s super-popular devices. So, the effective solution to stop people calling Foxconn as a sweatshop is to partially replace the company’s human workforce with one million robots, and here’s what Gou was hoping for,
“In the future, we hope designers are able to encode human intelligence into programs, converting the programs into robots’ software brains to match the intelligence of a 18-year-old human,”
There is a distinct grouping of platform options into three phases or eras. The first lasting from 1975 to 1991 was an era of rapid growth but also of multiple standards and experiments. It was typical of an industry in emergence. The personalization of computing brought about a new set of entrants. The second phase lasted between 1991 and 2007 and was characterized by a near monopoly of Microsoft, but, crucially one alternative platform did survive. The third phase can be seen as starting five years ago with the emergence of the iPhone and its derivatives. It has similarities to the first phase.
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添えられた動画ではひとつひとつの点がまるで生きているようだ。
Dediu の刺激的議論はさらにシェアの問題にも及ぶ。
マーケットシェアはライバル製品間の競合の問題だ。モバイルデバイスを PC のライバルと見なすかどうかで全体が、したがってシェアが変わってくる。
多少マックが増加しているものの未だ PC が圧倒的シェアという伝統的な見方は、モバイルデバイスを加えたときに一変すると Dediu は指摘する。
This last view corresponds to the data in the first graph (line chart). If iOS and Android are added as potential substitutions for personal computing, the share of PCs suddenly collapses to less than 50%. It also suggests much more collapse to come.
I will concede that this last view is extremist. It does not reflect a competition that exists in real life. However, I put this data together to show a historic pattern. Sometimes extremism is a better point of view than conservatism. [...]
アップルは1月19日(木曜日)のメディアイベントで、これまで教育に生かすべく積み重ねて来た努力の成果を発表する予定だ。ウワサはもっぱら電子書籍に集中しているが、事情に詳しい筋が Ars Technica に語ったところによると、インタラクティブ電子書籍の作成に役立つツール、いわば「電子書籍向け GarageBand」とでもいうべきものをアップルは発表する予定だという。これにより現在のプラットフォームは iPhone・iPad ユーザーへの配信が可能なものに拡張されることになる。
Apple is slated to announce the fruits of its labor on improving the use of technology in education at its special media event on Thursday, January 19. While speculation has so far centered on digital textbooks, sources close to the matter have confirmed to Ars that Apple will announce tools to help create interactive e-books — the “GarageBand for e-books,” so to speak — and expand its current platform to distribute them to iPhone and iPad users.
Never underestimate the importance of good authoring tools. A good “GarageBand for e-books” could do for the iBooks platform what Xcode and the Cocoa Touch frameworks have done for the App Store.
Horace Dediu presents yet another amazing way to look at the rapidly evolving computer industry (here are Dediu’s other fascinating looks of the past few days).
PC は虹(の弧)の頂点にきているようだ。
The PC looks like a rainbow at its peak.
マックはジェットコースターみたいだ。最初に少し落ち込んで乗り手をドキッとさせる。
The Macintosh looks like a roller coaster with a misleading small first hill that tricks riders.
Android や iPhone、iPad はいずれも打ち上げたばかりの花火のようだ・・・
Android, iPhone, and iPad look like fireworks just taking off…
Apple Inc. (AAPL)’s next iPad, expected to go on sale in March, will sport a high-definition screen, run a faster processor and work with next-generation wireless networks, according to three people familiar with the product.
The company’s manufacturing partners in Asia started ramping up production of the iPad 3 this month and plan to reach full volumes by February, said one of the people, who asked not to be named because the details aren’t public. The tablet will use a quad-core chip, an enhancement that lets users jump more quickly between applications, two of the people said.
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iPhone より先に LTE に対応
サムスン、モトローラ、ノキアなどのメーカーはすでに高速ネットワーク LTE[Long Term Evolution、現在普及している第3世代携帯電話(3G)と将来登場する第4世代携帯電話(4G)と中間の通信技術]向けのスマートフォンを発売している。アップルは iPhone より先に iPad に LTE を導入することになる。タブレットではバッテリーがより大きいため新しいテクノロジーに必要なパワーもサポートできるからだ、と3人のうちのひとりは語る。
Smartphone makers, including Samsung, Motorola Mobility Holdings Inc. (MMI) and Nokia Oyj (NOKIA), have already introduced smartphones that work on the faster networks. Apple is bringing LTE to the iPad before the iPhone because the tablet has a bigger battery and can better support the power requirements of the newer technology, said one of the people.
The new display is capable of greater resolution than the current iPad, with more pixels on its screen than some high- definition televisions, the person said. The pixels are small enough to make the images look like printed material, according to the person. Videos begin playing almost instantly because of the additional graphics processing, the person said.
The new iPad is being assembled by Apple’s main manufacturing partner, Foxconn Technology Group. Like most technology companies, Apple contracts with companies in Asia for labor to assemble its devices. Foxconn, which also builds the iPhone and other Apple products, gets about 22 percent of its sales from Apple, according to supply-chain data compiled by Bloomberg.
Mass production began at the start of this month, with factories running 24 hours a day in China, one of the people said. Manufacturing will halt over China’s Lunar New Year holiday this month and then ramp back up to a peak in February, the person said.
And if the iPad does gain LTE, the logical next step is that the next iPhone would gain the technology as well. But I’m with John Gruber, it’s more likely, but not a slam dunk. Every single person I know who has a 4G phone still just bitches about the awful battery life when LTE is enabled. There will need to be more power-efficient chips (which seems likely) and/or Apple will have to pull out some battery life magic (also likely) to ensure an LTE iPhone this year.
The company sent invitations to reporters on Wednesday for an event at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York on Jan. 19. The background image looks like a chalkboard with an outline of the city skyline and the Apple logo scrawled on it. “Join us for an education announcement in the Big Apple,” the invitation read.
The event will showcase a new push by Apple into the digital textbook business, but will not feature any new devices, according to a person close to the company who did not want to be identified talking about it before it occurred.
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iPad 向けの電子教科書
アップルにそんな動きがあることは昨年10月に Steve Jobs 氏の伝記本が出たとき以来ウワサになっていた。Jobs 氏は Walter Isaacson の伝記で、有名な教科書ライターに iPad 向けの電子バージョンを書いてもらうことで教科書市場を変えたいのだと語っている。また、教科書を無料にすれば国の教科書認定制度を回避できるのではないかとも語っている。
Talk of such a move by Apple has been bubbling since a biography of Apple’s late chief executive, Steve Jobs, came out in October. In that book by Walter Isaacson, Mr. Jobs told him that he wanted to transform the textbook market by hiring prominent textbook writers to create electronic versions of them for the iPad. Mr. Jobs told the author that he believed Apple could get around state certification processes for textbooks by making them free.
Haven’t heard much about the event beyond “textbooks”, as was previously reported.
当然アップルとしては CES の最中にぶっつけてきたのだ。午後になる頃には、出席した会社の 75% が将来教科書を提供するつもりだと口にしていることだろう。
Naturally, Apple chooses to announce the event right in the middle of CES. By the end of the afternoon I expect 75% of the companies at that event to be talking about their upcoming textbook offerings.